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قراءة كتاب Manual of Ship Subsidies An Historical Summary of the Systems of All Nations
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Manual of Ship Subsidies An Historical Summary of the Systems of All Nations
MANUAL OF SHIP SUBSIDIES
AN HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF THE SYSTEMS OF ALL NATIONS
BY
EDWIN M. BACON, A.M.
1911
CONTENTS
PREFACE 7I INTRODUCTORY 9II GREAT BRITAIN 11III FRANCE 26IV GERMANY 37V HOLLAND-BELGIUM 42VI AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 44VII ITALY 50VIII SPAIN-PORTUGAL 54IX DENMARK-NORWAY-SWEDEN 57X RUSSIA 59XI JAPAN-CHINA 63XII SOUTH AMERICA 68XIII THE UNITED STATES 69XIV SUMMARY 97 INDEX 101
PREFACE
The intent of this little book is to furnish in compact form the history of the development of the ship subsidies systems of the maritime nations of the world, and an outline of the present laws or regulations of those nations. It is a manual of facts and not of opinions. The author's aim has been to present impartially the facts as they appear, without color or prejudice, with a view to providing a practical manual of information and ready reference. He has gathered the material from documentary sources as far as practicable, and from recognized authorities, American and foreign, on the general history of the rise and progress of the mercantile marine of the world as well as on the special topic of ship subsidies. These sources and authorities are named in the footnotes, and volume and page given so that reference can easily be made to them for details impossible to give in the contracted space to which this manual is necessarily confined.
E.M.B.
BOSTON, MASS.
September 1, 1911.
Manual of Ship Subsidies
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY
The term subsidy, defined in the dictionaries as a Government grant in aid of a commercial enterprise, is given different shadings of meaning in different countries. In all, however, except Great Britain, it is broadly accepted as equivalent to a bounty, or a premium, open or concealed, directly or indirectly paid by Government to individuals or companies for the encouragement or