You are here
قراءة كتاب Voltaire
تنويه: تعرض هنا نبذة من اول ١٠ صفحات فقط من الكتاب الالكتروني، لقراءة الكتاب كاملا اضغط على الزر “اشتر الآن"
VOLTAIRE
BY
JOHN MORLEY
LONDON
MACMILLAN AND CO.
1886
Printed by R. & R. CLARK, Edinburgh.
NOTE.
The edition to which the references are made in the following pages is that published by Baudouin in 1826, in seventy-five volumes. This edition is to be distinguished from that known as the first Baudouin edition, published 1824-34, in ninety-seven volumes. The extent of the difference between them, which is entirely in favour of the more voluminous form, may be seen in M. Quérard’s Bibliographie Voltairienne (p. 107). The large number of complete and elaborate editions of Voltaire’s works, which were undertaken and executed in the years between the overthrow of the Empire and the overthrow of the Monarchy in 1830, is one of the most striking facts in the history of books.
1872.
CONTENTS.
| CHAPTER I. | |
| PRELIMINARY. | |
| PAGE | |
|
Importance of Voltaire’s name |
1 |
|
Catholicism, Calvinism, and the Renaissance |
1 |
|
Voltairism the Renaissance of the eighteenth century |
4 |
|
His power the result of his sincerity, penetration, and courage |
6 |
|
Different tempers proper for different eras |
11 |
|
Voltaire’s freedom from intellectual cowardice |
12 |
|
And from worldly indifference to truth and justice |
13 |
|
Reason and humanity only a single word to him |
15 |
|
His position towards the purely literary life |
17 |
|
Enervating regrets that the movement had not a less violent leader |
19 |
|
The share of chance in providing leaders |
20 |
|
Combination of favourable circumstances in Voltaire’s case |
22 |
|
Occasion and necessity of the movement |
24 |
|
Age of Lewis XIV. entirely loyal to its own ideas |
25 |
|
Subsequent discredit of these ideas |
26 |
| Preparation for abandonment of the old system by Descartes and Bayle | 29 |
|
Voltaire continues the work, not wholly to the disadvantage of the old system |
31 |
|
No ascetic element in the Voltairean revolt |
33 |
|
Why primarily an intellectual movement |
34 |
|
The hostile memory of Christians for it |
37 |
|
Comte’s estimate of it |
37 |
|
The estimate of culture |
40 |
|
Some pleas on the other side |
40 |
| CHAPTER II. | |
| ENGLISH INFLUENCES. | |
|
Significance of the journey to England |
44 |
|
His birth and | |