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قراءة كتاب North Devon Pottery and Its Export to America in the 17th Century
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North Devon Pottery and Its Export to America in the 17th Century
in the mother country. Often tied to the latter by bonds of family relationship, the factors arranged the exchange of American raw materials for the manufactured goods in which their English counterparts specialized.
That there was a large and important commerce in North Devon earthenware to account for many of the relationships between Bideford, Barnstaple, and the colonies seems to have remained unnoticed. Indeed, the fact that the two towns comprised an important center of earthenware manufacture and export in the 17th century has hitherto received little attention from ceramic historians, and then merely as sources of picturesque folk pottery. Yet in the excavations of colonial sites and in the British Public Records Office are indications that the North Devon potters, for a time at least, rivaled those of Staffordshire.
The earliest record of North Devon pottery reaching America occurs in the Port Book entry for Barnstaple in 1635, when the Truelove, Vivian Limbry, master, sailed on March 4 for New England with “40 doz. earthenware,” consigned to John Boole, merchant.[15] The following year the same ship sailed for New England with a similar amount. After the Stuart restoration larger shipments of earthenware are recorded, as illustrated by sample listings (below) chosen from Port Books in the British Public Records Office.
Typical Shipments of Earthenware from North Devon
(Sample entries from Port Books, verbatim)
BARNSTAPLE 1665[16]
Date | Ship | Master | For | In Cargo | Subsidy | |||||
s d | ||||||||||
26 Aug 1665 |
Exchange of Biddeford |
Wm Titherly | New England | 150 doz. of Earthenware |
7-6 | |||||
4 Sept 1665 |
Philipp of Biddeford |
Edmond Prickard |
Virginia | 30 doz. of Earthenware |
1-6 | |||||
28 Nov 1665 |
Providence of Barnstaple |
Nicholas Taylor |
Virginia | 20 doz. of Earthenware |
1-0 |
BARNSTAPLE AND BIDEFORD, 1680[17]
Date | Ship | Master | Shipment | |||
Aug 6th 1680 |
Forester of Barnstaple, for Maryland |
Christopher Browning | Twenty dozen of Earthenware Subsidy 1/ |
|||
Sept 6 | Loyalty of Barnstaple |
Philip Greenslade | 30 dozen of Earthenware Andrew Hopkins, merchant Subsidy 1/6 |
BARNSTAPLE, 1681[18]
Date | Ship | Master | To | Goods & Merchants | ||||
May 30 1681 |
Seafare of Bideford |
Bartholomew Shapton |
New England | Forty-two hundred [weight] parcells of Earthenware Subsidy 7/ |
||||
28 June | Hopewell of Bideford |
Peter Prust | Virginia | 30 cwt. parcells of Earthenware Peter Luxeron Merchant Subsidy 5/ |
||||
Aug. 12 | Beginning of Bideford |
John Limbry | Virginia | 15 cwt. parcells of Earthenware Subsidy 2/6 Richard Corkhill Merchant[19] |
BIDEFORD, 1681[20]
Date |