class="c3">}

hiósguatze,
I will see that I write, &c., Asmane } hiósguatzidauh,
I shall see that I be written, &c., Asmana Asmana Asmair Asmair

ANOTHER IMPERATIVE.

Venésmana hiósguam,	Even though you write.
Venesmatze em hiósguame,	Even though ye write.

ANOTHER IMPERATIVE.

Singular.

Nee eme hiósguaco naquém,	Nee eme hiósguarico naquém.
I will that you write.	I will that thou be written.

Plural.

Nee emé hiósguaco noquim,	Nee ame hiósguarico naguém,
I will that they write.	I will that they be written.

OPTATIVE MOOD.

This mood appears to have been anciently used with cáne, would that it might be! but now in general it is not so understood. The phrase may be deemed to be in the Optative, although it does not express that entirely, being formed by the union of the Imperative above with venesma, even though.

Venésmane hiósguam,	Venésmane hiósguadauh,
I would that it might be, or,	I would that it might be, or,
Even though I may write.	Even though I may be written.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

This mode of speech, If I should write, I should have written, &c., the natives express by adding the particle ru to the future.

Singular.

Nee	}	ghiósuatzeru, If I should write, &c.	Nee	}	hiósquatzidauhru If I should be written, &c.
Nap			Nap
Id			Id

Plural.

ACTIVE			PASSIVE.
Tamide	}	hiósguatzeru, If we should write, &c.	Tamide	}	hiósguatzidauru, If we should be written, &c.[4]
Emét			Emét
Amét			Amét

INFINITIVE MOOD.

Although this mode does not exist in the language, still the natives have ways to express the thought, some of which are these:

One mode is by the verb erám, I wish or think; so that to say, I wish to write, Nee hiósguavaerám may be used, which is the future hiósguatze, with the final syllable omitted for the particle va, and followed by the erám. In the same manner, other verbs may be proceeded with, they remaining stable through all the mutations that erám undergoes, as in the following:

ACTIVE VOICE.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

Present, Erám, I wish.	Pluperfect, Ehritu, I had wished.
Imperfect, Eramtu, I wished.	Future, Erátze, I shall wish.
Perfect, Ehri, I have wished.
SUBJUNCTIVE, (Impt?) Erátzern, I might wish, etc.

In the passive erám is not used, but naquém, which also means, I wish, and with the preterite particle, in the manner that is stated in the fourth form of the imperative, the infinitive mood in this voice is expressed, as, Nee no hiósguarico naquém, I desire to be written.

Another mode that serves for the Infinitive, is that after a verb of motion, the future of the verb is used, as to express, I come to you to say, Nee eme queitudetze güerem: here, Nee is I; eme, to you; güerem, or üerem, I come, and queitudetze the future of the verb queituden, I say, or make known.

GERUNDS.

The gerund in di is found in the expression: Already arrived the time of labor; for which, taking the preterite pánauhri, the verb pánauan signifying labor, add dagua, time, and for arrived use hassíde, the preterite of hássem, followed by the de, particle, signifying already, and the phrase is formed pánauhridagua hasside.

The gerund in do is found in the phrase Vus hóquedo panavame, the boys playing, work, in which vus is boys, hóquedo or hóqueco, the gerund of hoquen, play, and panavame, the plural of pánavan, work. The passive voice has likewise the gerund, as for example: Nap sícriuhdo cotzóm, Whilst thou art shorn, sleepest; here nap cotzóm is, you sleep, sícriuhdo is the gerund in do passive of the verb sicán, and toasquilo, hair.

The gerund in dum, and supine joined to a verb of motion is equivalent to the future as before stated in the second mode of the infinitive; but should there be no verb of movement with the gerund in dum, the particle betzéuai, for, is used, as

this suffices for payment, (hoc ad solvendum sufficit,) Veride hasem ovíde betzéguai; veride meaning this, hasem, suffices; ovide betzévai, for payment; ovíden signifying pay.

Thus much it has been found necessary to say of the verb in its active and passive voice, of its modes and times, which will serve as a paradigm for the conjugation of any verb observant of the form of its preterite and future (the roots whence rise the other tenses) to be discovered in the vocabulary.

FREQUENTATIVE VERB.

21. This verb signifies the frequent repetition of the same action, and is formed by adding the adverb tátze, peace-meal, as, I write often, tátze ne hiósgan.

COMPULSIVE VERB.

22. It is thus called because it signifies to cause or compel to do any thing, and is formed by taking away the last syllable of any verb and replacing it with tudem or tuden, which alone is conjugated, and has the perfect tudari, and future tudetze, as varuhtúden, I cause to sin; verúhtze being the future of varúuen.

APPLICATIVE VERB.

23. When the action is for, by, or through, (“para ó por,”) this verb is used, having its termination in dem or den, perfect, deri, and future, detze; as pánauan, work; whence is formed pánauiden, which is the applicative, so that to say, I work for you, the phrase is Nee eme pánauiden; and the mother to express, My son has failed me, (died), says, No nótzi múquideri; although in the place of this applicative the preposition betzéguai, for, is used likewise, or de, by; as, Christ died for us, Cristo tamo betzéguai, or tamóde múqui.

CONTINUATIVE VERB.

24. This verb serves to continue the action, and is made from the future, omitting the tze and substituting sem or sen, as nenérsem, I am continually talking, from nehren, I speak; the future, nenértze; biquesen, I am thus singing, from biquen, I sing; future, bequetze, for which there appearing to be no perfect, the imperfect, bíquesenru may be used, and the same is the case with the words that end in hon, as merihon, go running; nenerhon, be speaking; biquehon, be singing, of