قراءة كتاب A Review of the Frogs of the Hyla bistincta Group
تنويه: تعرض هنا نبذة من اول ١٠ صفحات فقط من الكتاب الالكتروني، لقراءة الكتاب كاملا اضغط على الزر “اشتر الآن"

A Review of the Frogs of the Hyla bistincta Group
thoracic fold heavy; webbing on feet extending to middle of penultimate phalanx of fourth toe; distinct white stripe above anus; cluster of largo spines on thumb in breeding males, H. pachyderma, p. 485
Tarsal fold weak and short; thoracic fold absent or barely indicated; webbing of feet extending to base of penultimate phalanx of fourth toe; no distinct white stripe above anus; nuptial tuberosities in breeding males consisting of small spines H. robertsorum, p. 481
4. Tarsal fold strong; anal flap elongate; anus opening at lower edge of femur; dorsum tan or brown; flanks mottled with cream and brown; venter immaculate creamy white; no anal stripe; vocal slits present, H. bistincta, p. 475
Tarsal fold faint and short; anal flap not elongate; anus opening at middle of femur; dorsum olive-green with black reticulations; flanks greenish gray with brown or black spots; a row of white flecks above and below anus, vocal slits absent H. charadricola, p. 478
ACCOUNTS OF THE SPECIES
In the following accounts complete synonymies are given for each species. In each account one specimen is described in detail; after this description the variation is discussed. In the list of specimens examined, localities are arranged alphabetically within the states, which also are given in alphabetical order. Localities given in italics are not shown on the accompanying maps (Figs. 2 and 4) due to crowding of symbols.
Hyla bistincta Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 17:87, August, 1877 [Holotype.—USNM 32261 from "most probably Veracruz," México; Francis Sumichrast collector]. Brocchi, Étude des batraciens de l'Amérique Centrale, p. 43, 1881. Boulenger, Catalogue Batrachia Salientia, 2nd Ed., p. 401, February 1, 1882. Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 6:81, 1882. Cope, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., 32:14, 1887; Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., 34:351, 1889. Günther, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Reptilia and Batrachia, pp. 265-6, June, 1901. Díaz de León, Indice de los batracios que se encuentran en la República Mexicana, p. 17, June, 1904. Nieden, Das Tierreich, Amphibia, Anura I, p. 247, June, 1923. Kellogg, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., 160:163-164, March 31, 1932. Taylor, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50:50-53, April 21, 1937; Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 26:389, November 27, 1940. Taylor and Smith, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 194:87, June 7, 1948. Taylor, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1:261, August 16, 1948; Copeia, no. 4:272-273, December 15, 1949. Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:346, March 20, 1950 [Type locality restricted to Acultzingo, Veracruz, México]. Rabb and Mosimann, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 563:6-9, March 29, 1955. Duellman, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 15:47-49, December 20, 1961.
Hyla bistincta labeculata Shannon, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 101:470-473, figs. 92a, 93d, May 17, 1951 [Holotype.—USNM 123689 from San Lucas Camotlán, Oaxaca, México; Walter S. Miller collector]. Smith and Williams, Herpetologica, 19:23, April 11, 1963.
Hyla bistincta bistincta, Shannon, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 101:472, May 17, 1951. Shannon and Werler, Herpetologica, 11:85, July 15, 1955. Smith and Williams, Herpetologica, 19:23, April 11, 1963.
Diagnosis.—Maximum snout-vent length in males 54 mm.; snout in dorsal profile truncate; tarsal fold strong; inner metatarsal tubercle large, high, and elongate; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; webbing on foot extending to middle of antepenultimate phalanx of fourth toe; nuptial spines on thumb small; thoracic fold absent; anal opening at level of lower edge of femur; dorsum brown or tan; belly cream-color; flanks creamy yellow with brown reticulations or spots; anal stripe absent; vocal slits present.
Description.—The following description is based on KU 68078 from Uruapan, Michoacán, México. Adult male having a snout-vent length of 43.2 mm.; tibia length, 22.1 mm., 51.1 per cent of snout-vent length; foot length (measured from proximal edge of inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of longest toe), 20.8 mm.; greatest width of head, 15.4 mm., 35.6 per cent of snout-vent length; head length, 13.9 mm., 32.1 per cent of snout-vent length; diameter of eye, 5.1 mm.; diameter of tympanum, 2.4 mm., 47.1 per cent of diameter of eye. Snout in lateral profile bluntly rounded, in dorsal profile truncate; canthus pronounced, rounded, not angular; loreal region slightly concave; lips thick, round, not flaring; nostrils slightly protuberant; internarial distance, 3.4 mm.; interorbital distance, 4.5 mm., somewhat broader than width of eyelid, 3.5 mm. A heavy dermal fold from posterior corner of eye above tympanum and curved downward to insertion of forearm; tympanum round, its diameter slightly more than its distance from eye. Forearm not robust; row of small pustules on ventral surface of forearm; fold on wrist; prepollex moderately enlarged, covered with small, horny, nuptial spines continuous on edge of digit; row of spines on inner surface of second finger; subarticular tubercles large, round, none bifid; supernumerary tubercles rather large, round; palmar tubercles rather small, flat, elliptical; fingers long, moderately slender; length of fingers from shortest to longest, 1-2-4-3; discs moderately large, that on third finger slightly larger than tympanum; rudimentary web between first and second and between second and third fingers; web between third and fourth fingers extending about one-fourth length of fourth finger. Heels overlap by about one-third length of shank when hind limbs adpressed; tibiotarsal articulation extends to anterior edge of eye; tarsal fold strong, extending to heel; inner metatarsal tubercle large, high, and elongate; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; subarticular tubercles moderately large, round; supernumerary tubercles small, in single rows on proximal segments of digits; toes moderately short; length of toes from shortest to longest, 1-2-3-5-4, third and fifth toes about equal in length; toes about two-thirds webbed; web extending to middle of antepenultimate phalanx of fourth toe, to discs of first, second, and fifth toes, and to base of penultimate phalanx of third toe; discs rather small, about two-thirds size of those on fingers. Anal opening at level of lower edge of thighs; anal sheath elongate, deeply creased medially; transverse dermal fold above anus. Skin of dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs faintly areolate; skin of chin, belly, and ventral surfaces of thighs granular, that of ventral surfaces of limbs, except thighs, areolate; thoracic fold absent. Tongue nearly round, slightly longer than wide, shallowly notched behind and barely free posteriorly. Vomerine teeth 4-4, situated on rounded vomerine ridges between rather small ovoid inner nares; vocal slits present, situated along posterior edge of each ramus.
Color (in alcohol) pale brown on dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs; flanks and anterior surfaces of thighs creamy white with dark brown reticulations; posterior surfaces of thighs tan with creamy white spots; belly cream-color; anal stripe absent.
Color (in life) pale tan on