قراءة كتاب A Review of the Frogs of the Hyla bistincta Group
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A Review of the Frogs of the Hyla bistincta Group
metatarsal tubercle to middle of tarsus; outer metatarsal tubercle minute, round, indistinct; subarticular tubercles round; single row of small, round supernumerary tubercles on proximal segments of each digit; toes moderately short and slender; length of toes from shortest to longest, 1-2-3-5-4, third and fifth about equal in length; toes about three-fourths webbed; web extending to base of terminal phalanx of fourth toe; discs small, about two-thirds size of those on fingers. Anal opening directed posteroventrally at middle of thighs; two transverse dermal folds above anus; short, thin anal sheath present; many small tubercles lateral and ventral to anal opening. Skin of dorsum, chin, and ventral surfaces of limbs smooth; belly moderately granular; posterior surfaces of thighs heavily granular; no thoracic fold. Tongue nearly round, shallowly notched behind, free posteriorly for about one-fourth its length; vomerine teeth, 3-4, long, situated on posteroventral edges of narrow transverse vomerine ridges between moderately large, round inner nares; no vocal slits.
Color (in alcohol) purplish brown on dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs; fine darker reticulations on dorsum; flanks pale tan with dark brown spots; posterior surfaces of thighs tan; chin creamy white with brown spots; belly dusty white; undersides of thighs and shanks yellow; webbing grayish brown; undersides of first two fingers dusty white, of third and fourth fingers and of feet brown; anal stripe absent; small white flecks above and below anal opening.
Color (in life) dark green on dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs; darker green reticulations on back; flanks dusty white with dark olive-gray mottling; dark olive-gray stripe from nostril through eye and then to insertion of forelimb; upper lips pale green; inguinal region, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs dark yellowish orange; ventral surfaces of tarsi and shanks, and webbing of feet dusty yellow; belly white; iris silvery gold.
Fig. 3. Holotype of Hyla charadricola (KU 58414). × 1.5.Variation.—Adult males have snout-vent lengths from 35.3 to 44.4 mm., and adult females from 43.4 to 50.9 mm. No notable variation in structure is displayed in the type series. In some individuals the dark reticulation on the dorsum is faint. Juveniles in life had dorsal colorations varying from rich brown with darker reticulations to pale green or gray with dark green reticulations. Some adults when collected were pale green with faint or no dorsal reticulations; later these individuals darkened. In all specimens the anal stripe is absent, and the flanks are heavily spotted.
Comparisons.—Hyla charadricola differs from all other members of the Hyla bistincta group in the following combination of characters: truncate snout, green dorsum, and absence of a thoracic fold. From other hylids that occur in the same area, Hyla charadricola differs from Hyla miotympanum and H. arborescandens, both of which are green dorsally, by having a truncate snout and longer fingers with less webbing. Hyla eximia, though green, has brown dorsal spots, shorter fingers, and a round snout. Hyla robertsorum differs in having a round snout and brown dorsum, and Hyla taeniopus is much larger, has transverse bands on the limbs, and has extensive webbing between fingers.
Remarks.—At the type locality, a shallow rocky stream in pine forest, Hyla charadricola was found beneath rocks at the edge of fast moving sections of the stream and beneath rocks in shallow riffles in the stream. Most of the frogs were in water. At night they were found sitting on rocks in the stream. Hyla miotympanum, which is abundant at the type locality, lives in bushes and beneath rocks along the stream but usually is not found in the riffles inhabited by Hyla charadricola. At Lago de Tejocotal Hyla charadricola was found beneath rocks near the shore of the lake and by a stream in the pine forest. Individuals were found on low vegetation over-hanging a small stream in pine-oak forest four kilometers southwest of Tianguistengo.
Five recently metamorphosed young (KU 58424-9) found at the type locality on June 8, 1960, have snout-vent lengths of 22.4 to 24.0 (average 23.2) mm. The young are colored like the adults, except that in life the dorsum is a brighter green and the flanks are more yellow than tan and have less dark spotting than in adults.
Distribution.—Hyla charadricola inhabits streams in pine and pine-oak forests at elevations of 2000 to 2300 meters in northern Puebla and eastern Hidalgo (Fig. 2).
Specimens examined.—Hidalgo: Lago de Tejocotal, 11 km. E Acaxochitlán, KU 58438, UMMZ 104032, 118165; 4 km. SW Tianguistengo, KU 53811-2. Puebla: 11.7 km. W Huachinango, UMMZ 121567 (5); Río Totolapa, 14.4 km. W Huachinango, KU 53813-5, 55624, 58414-37, 59813 (skeleton), 59886 (skeleton), MCZ 34964-5, UIMNH 50966, UMMZ 118166 (5), S-2242 (skeleton).
Hyla robertsorum Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 26:393-396, figs. 5-6, November 27, 1940 [Holotype.—CNHM 100124 (formerly EHT-HMS 16264) from El Chico Parque Nacional, Hidalgo, México; Mr. and Mrs. Radclyffe Roberts and Edward H. Taylor collectors]; Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 28:310, November 15, 1942. Taylor and Smith, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 95:589, June 30, 1945. Smith and Taylor, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., 194:87, June 17, 1948; Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:333, March 20, 1950. Rabb and Mosimann, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 563:1-9, March 29, 1955. Duellman, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 15:48, December 20, 1961.
Diagnosis.—Maximum snout-vent length in males, 48 mm.; snout in dorsal profile rounded; tarsal fold short and weak; inner metatarsal tubercle moderate in size and elliptical; outer metatarsal tubercle small, round, and indistinct; webbing extending to base of penultimate phalanx of fourth toe; nuptial spines on thumb small; weak thoracic fold present; anal opening above level of middle of thighs; dorsum dark brown with dark reticulations; venter brown with cream-colored flecks; flanks brown with creamy white spots; anal stripe absent; small white spots in anal region; vocal slits absent.
Description.—The following description is based on KU 57651 from El Chico Parque Nacional, Hidalgo. Adult male having a snout-vent length of 45.1 mm.; tibia length, 22.1 mm., 49.0 per cent of snout-vent length; foot length (measured from proximal edge of inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of longest toe), 21.5 mm.; greatest width of head, 13.7 mm., 30.4 per cent of snout-vent length; head length, 12.6 mm., 27.9 per cent of snout-vent length; diameter of eye, 4.0 mm.; diameter of tympanum, 1.8 mm., 45 per cent of diameter of eye. Snout short, in lateral profile blunt, in dorsal profile round; canthus rounded; loreal region slightly concave; lips thick, round, and not flaring; nostrils slightly protuberant; internarial distance, 3.6 mm.; interorbital distance, 4.0 mm., slightly broader than width of eyelid, 3.5 mm. A moderately heavy dermal fold from posterior corner of eye above tympanum and curving downward towards insertion of forearm; tympanum nearly round, covered by dermal fold above, its diameter slightly less than its distance from eye. Forearm moderately robust; distinct fold on wrist;