International Encyclopaedia; Annals of the American Academy of Political Science, July, 1914; Robertson, Reception of the Monroe Doctrine (Political Science Quarterly, 1915); Manning, Early Diplomatic Relations between the United States and Mexico.

Additional Readings: Gilman, James Monroe; Bigelow, American Policy; Coolidge, United States as a World Power; Hart, The Monroe Doctrine; Torres, An Exposition of the Commerce of South America; Chadwick, The Relations of Spain and the United States.

Chapter VII. Political Theories and Early Republican Institutions.

1. The monarchical idea versus the republican; opinions of the revolutionary leaders: Bolivar, San Martin, Rivadavia, Belgrano, etc.

2. Early political parties or groups and their theories:

a. Unitary; federalist; conservative; and radical.

b. Liberal and conservative writers on politics: Lastarria, Bilbao, Echeverria, Montalvo, Vigil, Sarmiento; Bello, Alberdi, Herrera, Acosta.

c. Influence of France upon political theorists.

3. Political factions:

Military; clerical; civilian; and lay.

4. Party methods and politics.

5. Ballot and elections; restrictions of the suffrage.

6. Popular apathy in political affairs; personal politics.

7. Character of governments:

Federal and unitary.

8. Early constitutions; separation of powers.

9. The office of executive.

a. Constitutional powers in various countries.

b. Prestige and dignity of office.

c. Early types of executives: tyrants; dictators; liberators; restorers; caudillos.

10. Character and powers of Congress; congress versus president; experiments with unicameral legislatures.

11. Influence of English and French cabinet systems of government.

12. The judiciary in Latin America:

a. Constitutional powers and position in administration.

b. Judicial review of legislation.

13. Early conventions and platforms.

14. Municipal government:

a. General characteristics.

b. Police systems.

c. Public service.

d. Prisons.

Readings: Shepherd, 81-96; Garcia Calderon, 100-350; Crichfield, American Supremacy; Alberdi, Bases ...; ——, Estudios economicos; ——, Del Gobierno en Sud America; Sarmiento, El Facundo; Lastarria, Lecciones de politica positiva en la Academia de bellas letras; Balbin de Unquera, Andres Bello, su epoca y sus obras; books on individual countries.

Chapter VIII. Political History, 1826-1920; Political Heritage of Colonial Times.

1. The three phases:

a. 1826-1850, Age of Dictators.

b. 1850-1876, Struggle for Stability.

c. 1876——, Rise of Great States and Economic Progress.

2. Typical dictators:

a. Garcia Moreno,—Ecuador.

b. Ramon Castilla,—Peru.

c. Rosas,—Argentina.

d. Paez and Guzman Blanco,—Venezuela.

e. Santa Anna and Diaz,—Mexico.

3. Progressive States of South America:

A. Argentina:

1. The presidency of Rivadavia; War with Brazil; conflict between Buenos Aires and provinces.

2. Rosas and Urquiza.

3. Mitre and Sarmiento.

4. Political program and stability; President Roca.

5. Economic development and growth of population.

6. The southward movement in Argentina.

7. Contemporary government and politics.

Suggested Readings: Koebel, Argentina, Past and Present; ——, The South Americans; Hirst, Argentina; Hammerton, The Real Argentine; Chandler, The Argentine Southward Movement, (Bulletin Pan. Am. Un., 1914).

Additional Readings: Martinez and Lewandowski, Argentina in the Twentieth Century; Merou, Historia de la Republica Argentina; V. F. Lopez, Historia de la Republica Argentina (Vols IX and X).

B. Brazil.

1. Brazil and Portugal, 1807-1822.

2. The empire: Pedro I and Pedro II.

3. Economic development; international relations.

4. Emancipation of slaves.

5. The Republic: early disorders; progress toward stability.

6. The westward movement in Brazil.

7. Colonization experiments—State and National.

8. Contemporary government and politics.

Readings: Denis, Brasil; Watson, Vol. II, 256-270; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. X, 310-339; Vol. XII, 674-676; Varnhagen, Vol. II; Pinheiro, Historia do Brasil; Bennett, Forty Years in Brazil; Buley, North Brazil; ——, South Brasil; Winter, Brazil and her people of today; Domville-Fife, The United States of Brasil; Grossi, Storia della Colonizazione Europea al Brasile.

C. Chile:

1. Dictatorship of O'Higgins.

2. Work of Portales and the pelucones.

3. The conservative regime; ten year presidents.

4. War with Spain.

5. The problem of the Araucanians.

6. War with Peru and Bolivia.

7. Balmaceda and the congress.

8. Relations with the United States; with Argentina; the "Christ of the Andes."

9. Contemporary government and politics.

a. Operation of the cabinet system in Chile.

b. Contemporary political parties.

c. Local government.

Readings: Elliot, Chile; Garcia Calderon, 164-179; Hancock, A History of Chile; Amunategui and Vicuña MacKenna, La dictadura de O'Higgins; Bulnes, Las Causas de la Guerra entre Chile y Peru; Markham, The War between Peru and Chile; Olivares, Historia de Chile; Guiterez, La Guerra de 1879; Barros Arana, La Guerre du Pacifique; ——, Historia general de Chile; Egaña, The Tacna and Arica Question; Macy and Gannaway, Comparative Free Government, 663-672; Reinsch, Parliamentary Government in Chile (Am. Pol. Science Rev., III, 507, et seq.)

D. Uruguay.

1. Relations with Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.

2. Political organization and progress.

3. Economic, educational, and religious developments.

4. Contemporary government and politics.

Readings: Koebel, Uruguay; Roxlo, Uruguay en 1904; Acevedo, Historia de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay; Zorilla de San Martin, La Epopeya de Artigas.

4. Less Progressive and Backward States of South America.

A. Venezuela:

1. Revolutions and tyrants: Guzman Blanco; Castro.

2. Foreign relations.

3. Contemporary government and politics.

Readings: Dalton, Venezuela; Scruggs, The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics.

B. Colombia:

1. Political record.

2. Foreign relations.